Sahadev 2018

  Past simple tense We use the past simple tense to talk about an action that started and finished in the past. I bought a pen. He scored the winning run. Yesterday, last week/year/night/month Yes/no - Did I buy a pen ? W.h - When did I buy a pen ? Negative - I didn't/ did not buy a pen. Past continuous I was going to school. He was bringing the kids. 'Be' is a verb. Its different types are - is, am, are, was, were, been Past perfect We use the past perfect tense to talk about an action that started earlier than another action. The prayer had started before I reached the school.

  Present perfect We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action that happened in the past but still has relevance/connection with the present. Who has written a book ? When have I written a book ? Why have I written a book ? Who does teach you ? Incorrect Who teaches you ? Correct Don't I go to school ? Do I not go to school ? Why don't I go to school ? Why do I not go to school ? Is he not reading ? Isn't he reading ? Why is he not reading ? Why isn't he reading ? Why have I not eaten ? Why haven't I eaten ? Hasn't he eaten ? Has he not eaten ? You use s/es, is and has with the third person singular noun. I and you are the only two singular nouns that are not in the third person. Present perfect continuous or progressive We use the present perfect continuous tense to talk about an action that started in the past but still continues. I have been teaching for 5 hours. He has been doing this since 10 AM. We use 'for' for...

  We use the present simple/indefinite tense to talk about an action that we do usually, normally, habitually or everyday. E.g - I eat rice everyday.   He plays football. There are three persons.                Singular.     Plural First -.     I.                       We Second - you               you Third.    He/she/it.       They We use s/es in the present simple tense for a third person singular noun. Declarative or affirmative sentence means a sentence in which there is no question or negative. Who, why, what, when, where, whom, how - these are w.h. words/question words. Present continuous or progressive We use the present continuo...

 This is a true story. True is adjective here because it describes the story.  It is untrue. Untrue is the adjective here. Untrue describes 'it'.  I have a black car. I bought a new phone.  Cardinal number - one, two, three Ordinal numbers - first, second, third  The first three students will get the prize.  Ramesh is a thin boy. Dinesh is a kind person. Little     less   least

  I said to him, "Don't go there." I told/advised/ordered him not to go there. My father said to me, "Read everyday." My father advised me to read everyday. My friend said to him,"Bring me a glass of water." My friend ordered him to bring him a glass of water. He said, "Let's go somewhere." He suggested that we should go somewhere. I said to Binita, "Do you know my friend?" I asked Binita whether/if she knew my friend. My father said to me, "Don't be so lazy." My father advised me not to be so lazy. Krishna said to Bhavna, "Does your mother scold you ?" Krishna asked Bhavna if/whether her mother scolded her. Our teachers say, "Ramesh is a good student." Our teachers say that Ramesh is a good student. My geography teacher said, "The earth moves around the sun." My geography teacher said that the earth moves around the sun. My friend said to me, "This boy will come...

These things change from direct speech to indirect speech Present simple     -              past simple present continuous       -     past continuous Present Perfect        -        past perfect Present Perfect continuous -  past perfect continuous I said, " I am going home." I said that I was going home. "Am" will change to "was" as am is in present continuous tense and we have to change it into past continuous tense. I say, "I don't write well." I say that I don't write well. The tense in the sentence before the inverted comma carries it to the indirect speech. He said to me, "I have not eaten your apples." He told me that he had not eaten my apples. Direct                  ...